• Home
  • Services
  • Hot & Cold Risk Assessment Services

Hot & Cold Risk Assessment Services

iStock-1297388005

Legionella Risk Assessment

Where temperature change occurs in an enclosed body of water, the risks of Legionella can increase. This is why a risk assessment of your hot & cold water systems is essential.

A risk assessment has two aims: to identify potential hazards, and to determine what control regimes are needed in place to mitigate this risk.

In the case of a Legionella risk assessment, the aim is to prevent the growth and spread of Legionella bacteria in man-made water systems. These regimes typically include water treatment, temperature control, regular cleaning and maintenance, risk assessment, monitoring, and staff training.

By implementing these regimes, the risk of Legionella-related illnesses can be minimized, protecting public health and ensuring safe water systems. To begin, we need to identify what level of risk is in place.

How We Can Help

At 4i Water Services, our expert technicians have years of experience working across the commercial sectors, supporting water systems in a range of industries. We know what your water system needs, and can carry out thorough testing and assessment to determine your level of Legionella risk, these high-risk areas, and what steps are needed to counter, reduce and mitigate this risk effectively.

We are also happy to work alongside your own personnel: we can support your team in enacting their own infection control by providing audit services, as well as the required monitoring paperwork and logbooks. Alternatively, following an assessment, we can enact these control regime measures for you.

Book a Legionella Risk Assessment

Everyone is different, from the water system and level of risk to the way your team operates. At 4i Water Service, we do everything with you in mind: get in touch today to discuss how we can respond to concerns that legionella may be in your water supply.

If you believe that you or anyone you know has been infected with Legionnaires’ Disease, take a look at the NHS advice and contact a medical professional.

FAQs

Legionella bacteria are naturally present in freshwater environments; however, the risk to human health arises when they proliferate within poorly controlled man-made water systems.

Growth is most likely in systems that are inadequately managed, with key contributing factors including:

-Water temperatures in the range of 20 °C to 45 °C
-Stagnation or low turnover of water
-Deficiencies in system design, operation, or maintenance
-The presence of scale, sludge, or biofilm within pipework and storage facilities

Effective system design, routine monitoring, and the implementation of appropriate control measures are essential to minimise the risk of Legionella proliferation.
Low concentrations of Legionella bacteria may be naturally present in water and do not typically present a health risk. However, the risk increases when water is stored at unsuitable temperatures or where systems are inadequately maintained, creating conditions that enable the bacteria to proliferate to potentially harmful levels.
There is no prescribed legal interval for conducting Legionella risk assessments. However, assessments should be subject to periodic review, reassessed following any changes to the building or water system, and revised where they are no longer valid or where control measures are found to be ineffective. As a general guide, many organisations undertake a comprehensive review on a biennial basis, or more frequently where risk factors change.
The cost of a Legionella risk assessment will vary depending on several factors, including:

- The size and complexity of the building
- The number of water outlets and associated systems
- The nature of the premises (e.g. office, healthcare, or leisure facilities)

For most commercial properties, fees typically commence from several hundred pounds. Commissioning a competent assessment can help mitigate significantly greater costs in the future, including those associated with health risks, regulatory enforcement action, and reputational impact.
The duty holder, typically the building owner or managing agent is responsible for ensuring that Legionella testing is undertaken where necessary. Routine testing is not required for all water systems and should instead be determined based on risk, system characteristics, and applicable guidance. Importantly, any testing regime should complement effective temperature control and overall system management practices.
A Continuous Dosing Unit (CDU) is an automated system designed to introduce a controlled and consistent dose of chemical treatment into a water system, helping to manage bacterial risks such as Legionella.

Such systems are particularly beneficial in circumstances where:

- Temperature control is challenging to maintain
- The water system is complex or subject to intermittent or low usage
- Additional control measures are required to enhance system protection
ACOP L8 is formal guidance issued by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), outlining how to comply with legal requirements for the management of Legionella risks. While not legislation in itself, it defines recognised standards of good practice and the benchmarks against which compliance is assessed by inspectors. Adherence to ACOP L8 provides a clear framework for demonstrating that legal duties are being met.
Any individual or organisation that owns, manages, or has responsibility for a building has a legal duty to:

- Identify and assess the risk of Legionella
- Implement appropriate control measures to manage that risk
- Maintain accurate records of all actions taken
- Regularly review and update control measures

These obligations apply to the majority of non-domestic premises, including offices, educational establishments, healthcare facilities, leisure centres, and residential blocks.
Legionella is a type of bacteria that can proliferate within water systems. Infection may occur when individuals inhale fine aerosolised droplets of contaminated water, for example from showers, taps, or cooling systems, potentially leading to a serious condition known as Legionnaires’ disease.

This is of particular concern as the illness can be severe, especially in older adults, individuals with weakened immune systems, or those with underlying health conditions. As a result, businesses and building owners have a legal obligation to identify, assess, and manage the associated risks.